3S-HMGB1

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3S-HMGB1, LPS-Free

HMGB1 is a nuclear protein that is released passively by necrotic cells, retained by apoptotic cells, and secreted actively by inflammatory cells (Dumitriu et al. HMGB1: guiding immunity from within. Trends Immunol 2005, 26: 381-7). HMGB1 is essential for life: Hmgb1 knockout mice die shortly after birth.

HMGB1 contains three conserved cysteine residues (C23, C45 and C106) and is a redox-sensitive (Yang et al, 2012). Chemotaxis-HMGB1 (the form with chemoattractanct activity) is completely reduced; cytokine-HMGB1 contains a disulfide bond between C23 and C45; further oxidation to sulfonates abrogate both activities.

In 3S-HMGB1 all cysteines are replaced with serines: these replacements preserve chemoattractant activity in vitro and in vivo, eliminate the cytokine-inducing activity and make the protein resistant to inactivation by ROS (Venereau et al, 2012). The mutant protein is produced in E. coli.
It has the sequence:

[“MGKGDPKKPR GKMSSYAFFV QTSREEHKKK HPDASVNFSE FSKKSSERWK TMSAKEKGKF EDMAKADKAR YEREMKTYIP PKGETKKKFK DPNAPKRPPS AFFLFSSEYR PKIKGEHPGL SIGDVAKKLG EMWNNTAADD KQPYEKKAAK LKEKYEKDIA AYRAKGKPDA AKKGVVKAEK SKKKKEEEDD EEDEEDEEEE EEEEDEDEEE DDDDE”]

Molecular Mass: Non-oxidizable chemokine-HMGB1 consists of 215 amino acid residues and has a calculated molecular mass of approximately 24.8 kDa.
Structure: HMGB1 consists of two fairly rigid, L-shaped DNA-binding domains, each referred to as a ‘HMG box’, and an unstructured tail that ends with 30 consecutive negatively charged amino acids.
Purity: The purified protein is >95% homogeneous (electrophoresis). It contains no nucleic acids.
Endotoxin Level: The purified protein is free from LPS (Pierce™ Chromogenic Endotoxin Quant Kit, <0.1 EU/mL). The product contains <0.006% v/v of Triton X-114 due to LPS removal procedure. The remaining traces of Triton X-114 can be removed upon request.
Activity: Measured by its ability to induce cell migration. Maximal activity in the cell migration assay is obtained at 1 nM.
Buffer & Reconstitution: the lyophilized protein once reconstituted with distilled water will be dissolved in a solution containing 50 mM HEPES pH 7.9, 500 mM NaCl.
Storage: 2-8°C. The protein once resuspended can be stored frozen (-20°C).This product is intended for research only, and cannot be used on humans.

This product is intended for research only, and cannot be used on humans.

Publications:

Download 3S-HMGB1 Datasheet

Complete Name: High Mobility Group 1 Mutant
Other Names: 3S, Amphoterin-1, High mobility group protein 1 mutant ,3S Mutant, Triple Serine Mutant, HMG-1, SBP-1, high-mobility group box 1, Amphoterin, HMG1, recombinant HMGB1

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3S-HMGB1
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