Disulfide HMGB1

Disulfide HMGB1, LPS-Free

HMGB1 is a nuclear protein that is released passively by necrotic cells, retained by apoptotic cells, and secreted actively by inflammatory cells (Dumitriu et al. HMGB1: guiding immunity from within. Trends Immunol 2005, 26: 381-7). HMGB1 is essential for life: Hmgb1 knockout mice die shortly after birth.

The two different activities of HMGB1 as a chemoattractanct of motile cells and as inducer of cytokines have been attributed to different biochemical forms. Fully reduced HMGB1 (the form with chemoattractanct activity) is completely reduced; disulfide HMGB1 contains a disulfide bond between C23 and C45 (complete notation: HMGB1C23-C45C106h – Antoine J. et al (2014).Mol Med).
Disulfide HMGB1 can induce cytokine and chemokine production in monocytes and other inflammatory cells (Venereau et al, 2012).
Structurally, Disulfide HMGB1 has a disulfide bridge between cysteine residues 23 and 45 and a reduced cysteine residue 106. Disulfide HMGB1 is tested for the ability to stimulate cytokine production in human macrophages.

The Disulfide HMGB1 we provide is the natural protein, with no tags or additional amino acids.

Disulfide HMGB1 is produced in E. coli and has the sequence:

[table td1=”MGKGDPKKPR GKMSSYAFFV QTCREEHKKK HPDASVNFSE FSKKCSERWK TMSAKEKGKF EDMAKADKAR YEREMKTYIP PKGETKKKFK DPNAPKRPPS AFFLFCSEYR PKIKGEHPGL SIGDVAKKLG EMWNNTAADD KQPYEKKAAK LKEKYEKDIA AYRAKGKPDA AKKGVVKAEK SKKKKEEEDD EEDEEDEEEE EEEEDEDEEE DDDDE”]

Molecular Mass: Disulfide HMGB1 consists of 215 amino acid residues and has a calculated molecular mass of approximately 24.8 kDa.
Structure: HMGB1 consists of two fairly rigid, L-shaped DNA-binding domains, each referred to as a ‘HMG box’, and an unstructured tail that ends with 30 consecutive negatively charged amino acids
Species specificity: the sequence and structure of HMGB1 have been strictly conserved during evolution, and HMGB1 proteins from all mammals are virtually identical (Sessa L, Bianchi ME. The evolution of High Mobility Group Box (HMGB) chromatin proteins in multicellular animals. Gene 2007, 387:133-40).
Purity: It contains no nucleic acids, nor IL-1beta.
Endotoxin Level: The purified protein is free from LPS (Cambrex Limulus Amoebocyte Assay QCL-1000, <0.4 ng LPS per mg protein).
Buffer: Disulfide HMGB1 is lyophilized from 50 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.9 and 500 mM NaCl.
Storage: 2-8°C. The protein once resuspended can be stored frozen (-20°C).

This product is intended for research only, and cannot be used on humans.

Publications:

• An 8-Hydroxy-Quinoline Derivative Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lethality in Endotoxemia by Inhibiting HMGB1-Mediated Caspase-11 Signaling
• Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Canine Platelets Upregulate High Mobility Group Box-1 via Toll-Like Receptor 4
• A RAGE-antagonist peptide potentiates polymeric micelle-mediated intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA for acute lung injury gene therapy
• The Time-Course of Antioxidant Irisin Activity: Role of the Nrf2/HO-1/HMGB1 Axis
• Lipopolysaccharide-regulated secretion of soluble and vesicle-based proteins from a panel of colorectal cancer cell lines
• High-mobility group box protein-1 induces acute pancreatitis through activation of neutrophil extracellular trap and subsequent production of IL-1β
• Increased cell-free fetal DNA release after apoptosis and sterile inflammation in human trophoblast cells
• Photodynamic Therapy in Combination with the Hepatitis B Core Virus-like Particles (HBc VLPs) to Prime Anticancer Immunity for Colorectal Cancer Treatment
• The protective mechanism of salidroside modulating miR-199a-5p/TNFAIP8L2 on lipopolysaccharide-induced MLE-12 cells
• Inhibition of inflammatory liver injury by the HMGB1-A box through HMGB1/TLR-4/NF-κB signaling in an acute liver failure mouse model
• Association of High Mobility Group Box-Protein 1 and Platelet Microparticles in Patients After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
• HMGB1 Release Induced by EV71 Infection Exacerbates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via VE-cadherin Phosphorylation
• [Altered expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps]
• HMGB1 induces hepcidin upregulation in astrocytes and causes an acute iron surge and subsequent ferroptosis in the postischemic brain
• HMGB1-activated tumor-associated macrophages promote migration and invasion via NF-κB/IL-6 signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma
• The Expression of High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMG1) in the Peripheral Blood and Its Relation with Systemic Vasculitis Patients
• The translational potential of miR-26 in atherosclerosis and development of agents for its target genes ACC1/2, COL1A1, CPT1A, FBP1, DGAT2, and SMAD7
• The Anti-inflammatory Effects of HMGB1 Blockades in a Mouse Model of Cutaneous Vasculitis
• HMGB1 cleavage by complement C1s and its potent anti-inflammatory product
• HMGB1 Promotes the Release of Sonic Hedgehog From Astrocytes
• The Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Ischemic Stroke
• HMGB1 neuroimmune signaling and REST-G9a gene repression contribute to ethanol-induced reversible suppression of the cholinergic neuron phenotype
• Urothelial Oxidative Stress and ERK Activation Mediate HMGB1-Induced Bladder Pain
• Redox-sensitive high-mobility group box-1 isoforms contribute to liver fibrosis progression and resolution in mice
• Glycyrrhizin Protects Submandibular Gland Against Radiation Damage by Enhancing Antioxidant Defense and Preserving Mitochondrial Homeostasis
• Redox-Mediated Mechanisms Fuel Monocyte Responses to CXCL12/HMGB1 in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Targeting Inflammation Driven by HMGB1
• Immunological Significance of HMGB1 Post-Translational Modification and Redox Biology
• High mobility group A proteins as tumor markers
• High Mobility Group Proteins in Sepsis
• The Roles of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Cerebral Ischemic Injury
• MiR-2113 overexpression attenuates sepsis-induced acute pulmonary dysfunction, inflammation and fibrosis by inhibition of HMGB1
• Transposon dynamics in the emerging oilseed crop Thlaspi arvense
• Comparative analyses of the Smith-Magenis syndrome protein RAI1 in mice and common marmoset monkeys
• Intestinal epithelia and myeloid immune cells shape colitis severity and colorectal carcinogenesis via High-mobility group box protein 1
• Toxoplasma gondii Infection Induces High Mobility Group Box 1 Released from Mouse Macrophages
• Impact of folic acid supplementation on ischemia‒reperfusion-induced kidney injury in rats: folic acid prophylactic role revisited
• Co-existence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 and anti-sry-like high-mobility group box receptor antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis: A rare case report
• High Mobility Group Box 1 Gene Polymorphism and Serum High Mobility Group Box 1, Interleukin 1 Beta, and Alpha-Klotho Crosstalk in Severe COVID-19 Patients
• HO-1 attenuates testicular ischaemia/reperfusion injury by activating the phosphorylated C-jun-miR-221/222-TOX pathway
• MicroRNA-146a gene transfer ameliorates senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes in tendinopathic tenocytes
• Therapeutic effects of anti-diabetic drugs on traumatic brain injury
• ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HIGH MOBILITY GROUP BOX 1 PROTEIN GENE (rs41369348) POLYMORPHISM AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN A VASCULITIS IN CHILDREN
• Biological Effects of New Titanium Surface Coatings Based on Ionic Liquids and HMGB1: A Cellular and Molecular Characterization in Lewis Rats
• Disulfide-HMGB1 signals through TLR4 and TLR9 to induce inflammatory macrophages capable of innate-adaptive crosstalk in human liver transplantation
• Cisplatin Dependent Secretion of Immunomodulatory High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Protein from Lung Cancer Cells
• Venereau et al (2012)Mutually exclusive redox forms of HMGB1 promote cell recruitment or proinflammatory cytokine release JEM, 2012
• Yang et al (2012) Redox modification of cysteine residues regulates the cytokine activity of HMGB1. Mol Med 18:250-9
• Other publications: 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Download Disulfide HMGB1 Datasheet

Complete Name: High Mobility Group 1
Other Names: Amphoterin-1, High mobility group protein 1,HMG-1, SBP-1, high mobility group protein B1, high-mobility group box 1, Amphoterin, HMG1, HMGB1, SBP-1, recombinant HMGB1